The key difference between Mairix and grepmail is that Mairix first builds an index, which is subsequently queried as the examiner performs searches.
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We recommend a thorough read through the main page for a full understanding of the tool's capabilities, but hopefully this section will provide you with enough information to get started. The Mairix tool is quite a bit more complex than grepmail, but it is also quite a bit more powerful. For investigations that don't have a fixed keyword list from the beginning, and those that may deal with very large mailbox, Mairix is a better choice. Many legal discovery cases would fit this description. The grepmail program is well suited for queries against relatively small mailboxes and queries where a specific set of keywords, dates, and other search criteria are fixed before the search begins.
This will display the full content of all mail with a “deleted” status that was received after February 19.Īlthough certainly flexible and powerful, grepmail tends to slow down when dealing with very large mbox files (I have attempted to use grepmail on ~30GB mbox files). Grepmail –j –a -d “after Feb 19” 2009-February.mbox This command will print the headers of all mail found in “2009-February.mbox” sent before 12:30 am each day (the default date field to match is the “sent” date). Additionally, date searches can be constrained by keywords like “before,” “since,” or “between.” This level of granularity may prove to be invaluable if your investigation revolves around specific times or dates. “02/21/09,” “4:00am October fourth,” and “today” are all valid date entries. Dates can be entered in a number of nonstandard formats. One particularly interesting feature of grepmail is its date searching capabilities. Y Specify a header to search (implies -h) j Search must match status (A=answered, R=read, D=deleted, H Print headers but not bodies of matching emails The grepmail options of particular interest to examiners are noted as follows: Although grepmail works only on mbox format mailboxes, it can parse compressed mailboxes, and can search through a number of mailboxes at once. The grepmail program has built-in knowledge of mail formats and thus gives the examiner more precision when defining search parameters. We examine two of these next- grepmail ( ) and Mairix ( GrepmailĪs its name implies, grepmail is a utility for searching for e-mail items that meet specific criteria, much in the same way the grep utility searches for lines or files that match certain patterns.
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However, due to their simple and open natures, many free tools exist that will allow the examiner to quickly hone in on the specific data they are after.
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Many of the commercial mail forensics tools utilized during examinations of Windows mail formats will be able to easily process any mbox or Maildir files. Any line beginning with “From ” is counted as a new mail. (Note: The capitalization as well as the trailing space is important.) The “From ” line is the defined message delineator for the mbox format. This is followed by another “From ” line. The mail continues on with additional headers, then the mail body. For example, the Inbox from the author's test machine begins with the following: Drilling down into one of these folders you should find a handful of files-those without extensions are the mbox format mail files which contain mail content. In this profile directory there will be a folder named Mail that will have one or more subfolders-Thunderbird creates a separate folder for each mail account configured under a profile. In this directory you will find one or more profile directories, very similar to those discussed in the Firefox analysis section. mozilla/thunderbird directory in each user's home directory. User mail files are generally stored under the user's home directory Mozilla Thunderbird stores its mail files in.
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